ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective To verify the association of obesity and infertility related to anovulatory issues. Methods This case-control study was carried out with 52 women, aged 20 to 38 years, divided into two groups (infertile − cases − and fertile − control), seen at outpatient clinics, in the period from April to December, 2017. Results We found significant evidence that obesity negatively affects women's fertility (p=0.017). The group of infertile women was 7.5-fold more likely to be obese than fertile women. Conclusion Strategies that encourage weight control are indicated for women with chronic anovulation, due to hight metabolic activity of adipose tissue.
RESUMO Objetivo Verificar em mulheres a associação entre obesidade e infertilidade relacionada a questões anovulatórias. Métodos Estudo de caso-controle com 52 mulheres, de 20 a 38 anos, divididas em dois grupos (mulheres inférteis − casos − e férteis − controles), atendidas em ambulatórios, no período de abril a dezembro de 2017. Resultados Verificou-se evidência significativa de que a obesidade afeta negativamente na fertilidade das mulheres (p=0,017). O grupo de mulheres inférteis teve 7,5 vezes mais chances de serem obesas quando comparadas às mulheres férteis. Conclusão Estratégias que estimulem o controle do peso são indicadas para mulheres com anovulação crônica devido à elevada atividade metabólica do tecido adiposo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Infertility, Female/etiology , Anovulation/etiology , Obesity/complications , Exercise/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Anthropometry , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Sedentary Behavior , Infertility, Female/physiopathology , Infertility, Female/metabolism , Anovulation/physiopathology , Anovulation/metabolism , Metabolic Diseases/complications , Metabolic Diseases/physiopathology , Obesity/physiopathology , Obesity/metabolismABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an artificially long photoperiod of 16 h of light and eight h of darkness on the length of the seasonally anovulatory period and the duration of the transitional period to ovarian activity in Criollo mares, located at 19° 9'N latitude. Twenty two adult Criollo mares, from three to 17 years old, were randomly divided in two groups. The animals on the experimental group (n = 14) were exposed to 16 h of light per day during four months from December to March. The control mares (n = 8) were exposed only to the natural photoperiod in open pens. The interval from the beginning of the artificial light treatment (December 1) to the first ovulation of the year in the experimental group was 88.4 ± 3.6 days and for the control group, 137.2 ± 15.0 days (P < 0.01); the interval between the development of the first follicle larger than 30 mm and the first ovulation (vernal transition) was 30.9 ± 2.2 days for the experimental group and 37.6 ± 6.6 days for the control group, this difference was not significant (P > 0.05). The mean diameter of the largest follicle increased gradually from week seven in the experimental group and from week 13, in the control group. Mares from both groups showed anovulatory estrus during the anovulatory season as well as during the transitional period. In the majority of the cases, estrous periods were irregular. The results indicate that exposure to an artificially photoperiod of 16 h of light and eight h of darkness, advances the onset of the vernal transition and the first ovulation in Criollo mares located at latitudes that are relatively close to the equator (19° 9'N); therefore, it can be used to anticipate the beginning of a reproductive program.
En el presente trabajo se evaluó el efecto de un fotoperiodo artificial de 16 horas de luz y ocho de oscuridad sobre la longitud del periodo anovulatorio y la duración del periodo de transición hacia la época ovulatoria en yeguas criollas, localizadas en la latitud 19° 9'N. Se utilizaron 22 yeguas criollas de tres a 17 años de edad, que fueron divididas al azar en dos grupos. Las yeguas del grupo experimental (n = 14) se mantuvieron bajo un programa de fotoperiodo artificial de 16 horas de luz por día durante cuatro meses, de diciembre a marzo. Las yeguas del grupo testigo (n = 8) se mantuvieron en condiciones de luz natural. El intervalo desde el inicio del tratamiento luminoso (1 de diciembre) a la primera ovulación del año en el grupo experimental fue de 88.4 ± 3.6 días, y para el grupo testigo fue de 137.2 ± 15.0 días (P < 0.01); la duración del periodo de transición invernal (intervalo entre el desarrollo del primer folículo mayor a 30 mm y la primera ovulación) fue de 30.9 ± 2.2 días para el grupo experimental y 37.6 ± 6.6 para el grupo testigo, esta diferencia no fue significativa (P > 0.05). El diámetro folicular promedio aumentó paulatinamente a partir de la semana siete en el grupo experimental y de la semana 13 en el grupo testigo. En ambos grupos se presentaron estros anovulatorios durante la época de anestro y durante la época de transición. Los intervalos entre estros fueron irregulares en su mayoría. Los resultados indicaron que en latitudes relativamente cercanas al ecuador (19° 9'N) la exposición de yeguas criollas a un fotoperiodo artificial de 16 horas de luz y ocho horas de oscuridad adelanta el inicio de la etapa de transición y de la etapa ovulatoria, por lo que puede ser utilizado para anticipar el inicio del programa reproductivo.